Octandre

vareseOctandre è rappresentativo di un modo di comporre tipico di Edgar Varèse, sviluppando e variando piccoli frammenti sonori. Lo stesso compositore lo descrive mediante una analogia con la crescita di un cristallo.

Questo modo di procedere è ben visibile nel corso del primo movimento, mentre il secondo si sviluppa per accrescimento. Gran parte del materiale del terzo, invece, deriva dai primi due, come il tema della tromba del primo movimento o il duetto di oboe e fagotto del secondo.

Octandre, peraltro, è l’unica opera di Varèse divisa in movimenti i cui tempi sono: Assez lent, Très vif et nerveux, Grave-Animé et jubilatoire. Ognuno si apre con uno strumento diverso: oboe, ottavino e fagotto.

Altra cosa interessante in questo brano è l’assenza totale di percussioni, cosa inusuale per Varèse. Il suo tipico ritmare nervoso, però, non scompare ed è affidato ai fiati, nella maggior parte dei casi ai tre ottoni.

  • Edgar Varèse – Octandre
    per flauto, clarinetto, oboe, fagotto, corno, tromba, trombone e contrabbasso (1923)
    ASKO Ensemble, Riccardo Chailly (1997).

Nocturnal

Nocturnal è uno degli ultimi brani di Edgar Varèse (1883-1965), lasciato incompiuto e terminato dal suo allievo e assistente Chou Wen-chung nel 1968 facendo, a mio avviso, un ottimo lavoro (non si avverte la mano di qualcun altro).
Ecco un estratto delle note di programma.

Nocturnal is a world of sounds remembered and imagined, conjuring up sights and moods now personal, now Dantesque, now enigmatic. Perhaps one should not read too much into a composer’s choice of words, but how, knowing Varèse’s unique career, could one resist wondering about the line, ‘I rise, I always rise after crucifixion’? What about the mocking, threatening, babbling emanations from the chorus, often directed to sound ‘as if from underground’ and ‘harsh’? Then there are the sounds remembered — the liquid beat on the wood block, the shrill whistling of the winds, the tenacious shimmering of the strings — the insistent sound of a mass of shuffling feet, the flourishes of drum beats, the sudden crashing outbursts. A phantasmagorical world? Yes, but as real as Varèse’s own life.

In completing the score … two principles were followed: (1) continuation of some of Varèse’s principal material of the original portion, following suggestions in his cryptic notes; (2) addition of new material from the few more elaborate sketches found, so as to illustrate more fully his ideas for this work and his concepts in the use of vocal sounds. All the details, whenever not specified in the sketches, are worked out according to the original portion or other sketches in which similar situations are found. The original portion ends with the words, ‘dark, dark, dark, asleep, asleep,’ sung by the soprano. This is clearly indicated in the published score. The added portion is purposely kept to the minimum length possible, just enough to include all suitable additional material and to provide structural coherence.

[Chou Wen-chung ]

 

Ionisation

Ionisation by Edgar Varèse on YouTube.

Solistes de l’Ensemble intercontemporain
Elèves du Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris
Susanna Mälkki, direction

Percussions : Gilles DUROT, Samuel FAVRE, Victor HANNA (Ensemble intercontemporain) / Matthieu DRAUX, Adelaide FERRIERE, Jean-Baptiste BONNARD, Noam BIERSTONE, Christophe DRELICH, Julien LACROUZADE, Thibault LEPRI, Sylvain BORREDON, Othman LOUATI
Piano : Sébastien VICHARD

Enregistré à la Cité de la musique le 20 novembre 2012, dans le cadre du Festival d’Automne à Paris

Varèse on YouTube

From YouTube, a piece by Edgar Varèse: Offrandes (1921), for soprano and chamber orchestra. Dir. Boulez, soprano Anna Steiger.
Text by Vicente Huidobro and José Juan Tablada. Here is the original text by Huidobro (in french):

La Seine dort sous l’ombre de ses ponts.
Je vois tourner la terre
Et je sonne mon clairon
Vers toutes les mers.

Sur le chemin de ton parfum
Toutes les abeilles et les paroles s’en vont.
Reine de l’Aube des Pôles,
Rose des Vents que fane l’Automne!
Dans ma tête un oiseau chante toute l’année.

Poème Électronique

Some interesting images of Philips pavilion at the 1958 Brussels World’s Fair. It was designed by Le Corbusier with the collaboration of Xenakis for the Varèse’s Poème Électronique live performance.
You can find it in this page from CCRMA.