Tag Archives: mumma

Mumma

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mummaGordon Mumma è una figura storica della musica elettroacustica negli USA, Fondatore dell’Ann Arbor’s Cooperative Studio for Electronic Music con Robert Ashley, ha lavorato per la Merce Cunningham Dance Company (con John Cage e David Tudor) ed è stato membro della Sonic Arts Union con Ashley, Alvin Lucier e David Behrman.

Qui vi propongo il monumentale Megaton for William Burroughs del 1963, che meriterebbe di essere visto più che ascoltato, dato che gli esecutori (Robert Ashley, Harold Borkin, Milton Cohen, George Manupelli, Joseph Wehrer, Tony Dey e Gordon Mumma) sono alle prese con varie sculture sonore.

Megaton for Wm. Burroughs is a theatrical live-performance electronic-music composition with ten channels of sound. An ensemble of electro-acoustical sculpture, performed by five players, is heard from four of the channels. Six channels of composed tape are heard from the remaining loudspeakers. The performance takes place in the center of the space, with the audience surrounding the sculpture ensemble. All ten channels are heard from loudspeakers surrounding the audience.

“The thunderous four-minute introduction begins abruptly with a blackout. As the introduction fades, the sculpture gradually becomes visible, illuminated so that the performers are isolated from each other in the space. The performers communicate with each other by means of aircraft headsets. This communication coordinates the performance and is not heard by the audience.

“The live-performance section with the sculpture, which grows out of the fading introduction, occupies nearly half of the piece. The performers, isolated in space but communicating by their headsets, develop an increasingly complex sound montage with the electro-acoustical sculpture. Invisible taut-steel wires above the audience carry speeding, projectile-like flashing objects. The movement of these objects sets the overhead wires into vibrating resonances which, when amplified, become part of the sonic montage.

“As the illumination fades near the end of this live-performance section, a drone emerges and becomes recognizable as that of an aircraft squadron. The isolated images of the performed sculpture evolve through the drone into the sounds of World War II bomber crews communicating with each other from isolated parts of their aircraft during the course of a raid.

“The piece has evolved gradually but directly from its thunderous, abstract beginning through the electro-acoustical montage and into a cinema-real air raid. A brief burst of heroic movie music introduces the closing sequence: in an entirely different part of the space, in an isolated pool of light a lone drummer quietly rides his traps.”

Eruption Music

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Volcan sonification

Apprendo ora da BBC News che alcuni scienziati italiani stanno cercando di trasformare in musica i sismogrammi dell’Etna al fine di poter meglio predire una eventuale eruzione.
La tecnica, nota come “data sonification” non è una novità. È stata usata più volte in passato per rendere più evidenti dei patterns sepolti in grandi masse di dati. Se, per esempio, si trasforma in suono l’andamento di un fenomeno ondulatorio, è molto più facile sentirne il ritmo, scoprire moduli che si ripetono, etc.
Ora, sempre secondo BBC News, gli studiosi dell’Università di Catania (in particolare il prof. Roberto Barbera e il suo team) stanno lavorando sugli infrasuoni emessi dal vulcano, altrimenti inaubili, trasformandoli in musica con un metodo messo a punto dal prof. Domenico Vicinanza dell’Istituto Italiano di Fisica Nucleare.
Il sistema, schematizzato in figura, campiona un’onda sismica e genera una serie di note interpretando il valore dell’asse y come altezza. Ignoro se il campionamento sia sincrono o meno (non ho molti dati), ma, a giudicare dall’immagine, ni. Quando l’onda procede quasi come una retta, le note sembrano piazzate a intervalli regolari, ma c’è una certa attenzione a particolari punti corrispondenti a picchi, flessi, cambiamenti di pendenza, eccetera. Sembra cioè tenere d’occhio i cambiamenti nel valore della derivata, che esprime la pendenza della curva.
Musicalmente il sistema è piuttosto banale, però bisogna ricordare che il suo scopo non è produrre una sinfonia né tantomeno scrivere musica, bensì evidenziare moduli melodici e/o ritmici e in questo senso l’applicazione è corretta.
Ricordo, invece, che, negli anni ’60, il compositore americano Gordon Mumma utilizzò proprio dei sismogrammi per comporre i suoi brani della serie Mograph. In questo caso, la conversione era finalizzata alla musica. Direttamente dal suo sito, ecco un estratto di Medium Size Mograph (1963) per pianoforte a 4 mani e elaborazione elettronica (esecutori Gordon Mumma e Robert Ashley).

I read on BBC News that Researchers in Italy have already created a concerto from the underground movements of Mount Etna on Sicily.
Well, judging from the rest of article, this is an out of line way to say that italian scientists (Professor Roberto Barbera of the University of Catania and his team) are trying to get music from seismographs data to reveal inner patterns. The musical method, known as data sonification, adds a further tool to the vulcanologist’s tool box.
Data sonification transforms complex data into audible sounds. It has previously been used to analyse astronomical data from the Shoemaker Levy comet collision with Jupiter. The data sonification software used on Mount Etna was invented by Dr Domenico Vicinanza at the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics. It transforms the inaudible seismic waves that travel through the Earth into music.
According to the image, to create the volcanic score, the team take a seismogram – a graphical record of an earthquake that records the timing and intensity of seismic waves – and trace the peaks and troughs on to blank music bars. They then overlay the contours with musical notes. A digital synthesiser can then play the score.
From a composer point of view, the sistem is simple, but we must remember that the intent is not to make a concert, not even to write music, but only to reveal hidden patterns and produce a sort of “sound signature” of the volcano’s behavior.
I remember that, back in the sixties, american composer Gordon Mumma make the same with the intent to produce music and wrote a sequence of pieces called Mograph starting from seismographs data. From his site, here is an extract from Medium Size Mograph (1963) for 4 hands piano with cybersonic modification (Gordon Mumma e Robert Ashley performers).